艙蓋怎么維護保養(yǎng)才能水密并且在檢察中不被記錄缺陷
（圖紙配合實際操作記錄和照片）
HATCH COVER MAINTENANCE
作者：趙立帥
艙蓋作為保護貨物安全的第一道屏障，做到完全水密是維護保養(yǎng)的重中之重，這里總結(jié)了幾點內(nèi)容 供船員兄弟參考。
RUBBER PACKING 橡膠條
WATERTIGHT AND WEATHERTIGHT風(fēng)雨密和水密
HOSE TEST沖水壓力實驗的要求以及通常做法
HATCH COVER LEAKING REASEN 艙蓋漏水的原因以及處理方法和建議
EMCY OPEN AND CLOSE HATCH COVER 應(yīng)急開艙
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPENING/CLOSING OF HATCH COVERS 安全開關(guān)艙的注意事項
一、RUBBER PACKING 橡膠條
在申請壓艙橡膠條的時候要確定直角接頭和轉(zhuǎn)角接頭的方向尺寸以及數(shù)量，粘結(jié)劑膠水的數(shù)量和使用方法要根據(jù)圖紙和說明書使用，這里是本船的圖紙 僅供參考
二、WATERTIGHT AND WEATHERTIGHT風(fēng)雨密和水密
Weathertight : in any sea condition, water will not penetrate into the vessel
風(fēng)雨密：在任何海況條件下，水都不會進入結(jié)構(gòu)之內(nèi)
Watertight: capable of preventing the passage of water through the structure under a head of water for which the surrounding structure is designed.
水密：在設(shè)計水壓力下，任何方向水均不能通過該結(jié)構(gòu)。
三、HOSE TEST沖水壓力實驗的要求以及通常做法
試驗水壓Pressure: not less than 2kg/cm2
沖水距離Distance: 1-1.5m
這個實驗建議留有照片并且存檔 RIGHTSHIP 的檢查項目 有圖有真相更有說服力
四、HATCH COVER LEAKING REASEN 要解決艙蓋漏水 首先得知道每個位置的名字
packing damaged 膠條損壞
compression bar damaged 壓條損壞
locator problem? 限位的問題
bearing pad problem 支撐塊的問題
cleat problem? 壓緊器的問題
drain chocked/broken 泄水通道堵塞或破裂
1.DRAIN PIPE AND DRAIN CHANNL PROBLEM 泄水通道的常見問題
泄放孔堵塞
泄放管 破損
蓋子丟失
球破損
2.DAMAGED OR INPROPERLY ADJUSTED CLEAT
壓緊器損壞或者調(diào)整不到位也會導(dǎo)致不水密
壓緊器是PSC檢查的重點項目，風(fēng)暴艙的壓緊器和普通 貨艙壓緊器有區(qū)別 在申請備件時候要特別注意。
3.BEARING PAD 支撐塊 磨損的支撐塊會導(dǎo)致橡膠條加速磨損永久變形
Steel pad,Wear more than 3mm consider to adjust 本輪的支撐快是鋼材質(zhì) 說明書指導(dǎo)磨損超過3MM需要墊高調(diào)整，并根據(jù)橡膠條的磨損程度選擇更換
Applying of grease regularly can prevent corrosion and minimize the wear and tear 本輪鋼鐵材質(zhì)的支撐塊可在每次開關(guān)艙的時候加牛油進行保養(yǎng)減少銹蝕
4.COMPRESSION BAR 水密壓條（壓板）
Damaged compression bar can cause water leakage 水密壓板的損壞會導(dǎo)致艙蓋不水密 卸貨過程中有抓斗碰到艙口圍位置要及時維修
五、EMCY OPEN AND CLOSE HATCH COVER 應(yīng)急開艙步驟需要打印并張貼在甲板辦公室
應(yīng)急開倉測試的照片需要保留并且開艙步驟打印張貼于甲板辦公室這也是一個檢查項目
六、開艙的注意事項要打印出來并且張貼在甲板辦公室 開艙培訓(xùn)記錄要存檔
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
FOR OPENING/CLOSING OF HATCH COVERS
1. Opening or closing of Hatch Covers should be carried out only with Chief Officer’s or Master’s approval 開關(guān)艙必須經(jīng)過船長大副同意
2. A Deck Officer must always be present to check and supervise the opening and closing of the hatch covers.開關(guān)艙必須有駕駛員在場
3. Minimum 3 persons are required for opening-closing of hatch covers:至少三人參與開關(guān)艙
1 Person (Bosun) to drive the covers;水頭負責(zé)開關(guān)艙操作
1 Person to oversee and supervise (Deck Officer);駕駛員負責(zé)掌控全局
1 Person to check all is clear at the other side of the hatch to the controls and report positively before the covers are moved (A/B). 一般AB負責(zé)觀察周圍情況并且實時報告
The three crew members should stand in positions where they have a good view of all of the hatch covers and the comings and can see if there are any problems, obstructions and see the cleats, wheels, hydraulics etc. 三名船員要站在合適的位置觀察整個艙蓋包括艙口圍 液壓管 滾輪 壓緊器 發(fā)現(xiàn)任何問題及時停止
If it is necessary, and need more crew members - then it is OOW decision based on his assessment of the risks and the nature of the hatch covers, and the conditions at the time.
根據(jù)現(xiàn)場情況可以增加人手
4. Hatch covers stoppers MUST NEVER BE REMOVED if crew members are still working on or near hatch covers / track ways. 如果還有人在附近工作 不允許移掉STOPPER
5. Hatch covers wheel stoppers MUST NEVER BE REMOVED until any sweeping is completed. The pins should be removed by the crew member(s) doing the sweeping.
清理艙口圍結(jié)束之前不允許移掉STOPPER 安全插銷只能由清艙口圍的船員移開
6. Before opening or closing hatch covers OOW should carefully read and take into account the points considered in the risk assessment (attached with these safety precautions). 開關(guān)艙之前相應(yīng)的駕駛員要做風(fēng)險評估
在工作中總結(jié)一些內(nèi)容供大家參考，安全是一切工作的前提和基礎(chǔ)，愿兄弟們航安。。。。。。
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