對此，一位網(wǎng)友評論道：“F# 與 AI 非常契合，所有 AI 模型都能輕松生成慣用的 F# 代碼。更重要的是，F(xiàn)# 擁有一個非常強大的類型系統(tǒng)，這使得在實現(xiàn)之前，通過 AI 模型準(zhǔn)確建模問題，能夠有效捕獲潛在的幻覺錯誤?！北疚闹?，Batsov 深入探討了 F# 的優(yōu)缺點、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)及開發(fā)工具，揭示了這門語言在現(xiàn)代編程和AI領(lǐng)域中的獨特優(yōu)勢。
open System // Gets access to functionality in System namespace.
// Defines a list of names
let names = [ "Peter"; "Julia"; "Xi" ]
// Defines a function that takes a name and produces a greeting.
let getGreeting name = $"Hello, {name}"
// Prints a greeting for each name!
names
|> List.map getGreeting
|> List.iter (fun greeting -> printfn $"{greeting}! Enjoy your F#")
作為 ML 語言家族的一員，F(xiàn)# 的語法對熟悉 OCaml 的人來說不會有太大驚喜。不過，由于熟悉 OCaml 的人并不多，我要補充一點：Haskell 程序員會很容易上手，Lisp 開發(fā)者也會感到親切。
對于其他人來說，掌握基礎(chǔ)知識并不難。
// function application
printfn "Hello, World!"
// function definition
let greet name =
printfn "Hello, %s!" name
greet "World"
// whitespace is significant, like in Python
let foo =
let i, j, k = (1, 2, 3)
// Body expression:
i + 2 * j + 3 * k
// conditional expressions
let test x y =
if x = y then "equals"
elif x < y then "is less than"
else "is greater than"
printfn "%d %s %d." 10 (test 10 20) 20
// Looping over a list.
let list1 = [ 1; 5; 100; 450; 788 ]
for i in list1 do
printfn "%d" i
// Looping over a sequence of tuples
let seq1 = seq { for i in 1 .. 10 -> (i, i*i) }
for (a, asqr) in seq1 do
printfn "%d squared is %d" a asqr
// A simple for...to loop.
let function1 () =
for i = 1 to 10 do
printf "%d " i
printfn ""
// A for...to loop that counts in reverse.
let function2 () =
for i = 10 downto 1 do
printf "%d " i
printfn ""
// Records
// Labels are separated by semicolons when defined on the same line.
type Point = { X: float; Y: float; Z: float }
// You can define labels on their own line with or without a semicolon.
type Customer =
{ First: string
Last: string
SSN: uint32
AccountNumber: uint32 }
let mypoint = { X = 1.0; Y = 1.0; Z = -1.0 }
// Discriminated Union
type Shape =
| Circle of radius: float
| Rectangle of width: float * height: float
// Functing using pattern matching
let area shape =
match shape with
| Circle radius -> System.Math.PI * radius * radius
| Rectangle (width, height) -> width * height
let circle = Circle 5.0
let rectangle = Rectangle(4.0, 3.0)
printfn "Circle area: %f" (area circle)
printfn "Rectangle area: %f" (area rectangle)
這里沒什么令人震驚的，對吧？
這是另一個稍微復(fù)雜一些的例子：
open System
// Sample data - simple sales records
type SalesRecord = { Date: DateTime; Product: string; Amount: decimal; Region: string }
// Sample dataset
let sales = [
{ Date = DateTime(2023, 1, 15); Product = "Laptop"; Amount = 1200m; Region = "North" }
{ Date = DateTime(2023, 2, 3); Product = "Phone"; Amount = 800m; Region = "South" }
{ Date = DateTime(2023, 1, 20); Product = "Tablet"; Amount = 400m; Region = "North" }
{ Date = DateTime(2023, 2, 18); Product = "Laptop"; Amount = 1250m; Region = "East" }
{ Date = DateTime(2023, 1, 5); Product = "Phone"; Amount = 750m; Region = "West" }
{ Date = DateTime(2023, 2, 12); Product = "Tablet"; Amount = 450m; Region = "North" }
{ Date = DateTime(2023, 1, 28); Product = "Laptop"; Amount = 1150m; Region = "South" }
]
// Quick analysis pipeline
let salesSummary =
sales
|> List.groupBy (fun s -> s.Product) // Group by product
|> List.map (fun (product, items) -> // Transform each group
let totalSales = items |> List.sumBy (fun s -> s.Amount)
let avgSale = totalSales / decimal (List.length items)
let topRegion =
items
|> List.groupBy (fun s -> s.Region) // Nested grouping
|> List.maxBy (fun (_, regionItems) ->
regionItems |> List.sumBy (fun s -> s.Amount))
|> fst
(product, totalSales, avgSale, topRegion))
|> List.sortByDescending (fun (_, total, _, _) -> total) // Sort by total sales
// Display results
salesSummary
|> List.iter (fun (product, total, avg, region) ->
printfn "%s: $%M total, $%M avg, top region: %s"
product total avg region)
// line comments
(* the classic ML comments are around as well *)
// mutable values
let mutable x = 5
x <- 6
// ranges and slices
let l = [1..2..10]
name[5..]
// C# method calls look pretty natural
let name = "FOO".ToLower()
// operators can be overloaded for different types
let string1 = "Hello, " + "world"
let num1 = 1 + 2
let num2 = 1.0 + 2.5
// universal printing
printfn "%A" [1..2..100]
我猜其中一些改動可能會引發(fā)爭議，具體取決于你是否是ML 語言的原教旨主義者。但在我看來，任何讓 ML 語言更受歡迎的改進，都是一件好事。
#r "nuget:FSharp.Data"
#r "nuget: Plotly.NET, 3.0.1"
open FSharp.Data
open Plotly.NET
type LondonBoroughs = HtmlProvider<"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_London_boroughs">
let boroughs = LondonBoroughs.GetSample().Tables.``List of boroughs and local authorities``
let population =
boroughs.Rows
|> Array.map (fun row ->
row.Borough,
row.``Population (2022 est)``)
|> Array.sortBy snd
|> Chart.Column
|> Chart.show
# If you want to transpile to JavaScript
dotnet fable
# If you want to transpile to TypeScript
dotnet fable --lang typescript
# If you want to transpile to Python
dotnet fable --lang python
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