據(jù)研究表明,初審階段被拒比例為40%-75%。復(fù)審階段被拒的概率在35%以上,下面我們從審稿人的角度分析,初審階段如何才能避免文章被拒,投稿前可以一一比對(duì),看有沒有中槍的情況,趕緊再進(jìn)行最后一波修改。
缺乏新穎性或原創(chuàng)性
退稿原因:稿件與現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)相比沒有重大進(jìn)展,或者只是在略有不同的背景下復(fù)制了已知結(jié)果。

應(yīng)對(duì)策略:
- 進(jìn)行全面的文獻(xiàn)綜述,使用 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 等數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)掃描最近的論文,找出明顯的研究空白。
- 明確闡述新穎性:不要假設(shè)審稿人會(huì) “明白”。你需要明確說明你的研究有何不同和價(jià)值。
- 例如:“Unlike previous studies that focused on urban populations, our research examines the impact of air pollution on cardiovascular health in underrepresented rural communities using a novel data integration approach.”
- 除非增量結(jié)果對(duì)建立更大的理論或應(yīng)用至關(guān)重要,否則應(yīng)避免使用增量結(jié)果。
- 轉(zhuǎn)投其他適合的期刊
當(dāng)新穎性有限時(shí)你能做些什么?
即使你的論文只有適度的新穎性,給審稿人精心撰寫的回復(fù)仍然可以產(chǎn)生很大的影響,尤其是在方法合理、結(jié)果有意義或適用的情況下。
如何有策略地回復(fù)呢?
1. 誠(chéng)實(shí)地承認(rèn)關(guān)注點(diǎn),例如:
We thank the reviewer for pointing this out. While we acknowledge that some aspects of our study build on previous work, we believe that the application of this method in [a new population/setting/context] provides valuable insight that has not yet been fully explored.
2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的影響或?qū)嵱脙r(jià)值,例如:
Though similar methods have been used, our study addresses an urgent clinical need in underserved rural populations, where evidence-based interventions remain limited. This context adds unique relevance to our findings.
3. 加強(qiáng)修訂稿的框架設(shè)計(jì),例如:
之前:"We studied the use of X in Y settings."
之后:"To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the effectiveness of X in low-resource rural clinics, a context previously underrepresented in the literature."
稿件結(jié)構(gòu)和寫作質(zhì)量差
退稿原因:論文缺乏邏輯流暢性,包含語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,或?qū)懽鞣绞窖谏w了科學(xué)內(nèi)容。
?? 常見審稿人回復(fù)郵件
“While the study appears to address an important topic, the manuscript’s structure and language make it difficult to evaluate the scientific merit. Significant editing is required to improve readability and logical flow.”
應(yīng)對(duì)策略:
- 遵循標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 IMRaD 結(jié)構(gòu)(引言、方法、結(jié)果和討論)。大多數(shù)期刊都希望采用這種布局,因?yàn)樗兄谧x者和審稿人快速找到關(guān)鍵部分。
- 提綱示例:
- Introduction:What is the problem, and why is it important?
- Methods:How was the research conducted?
- Results:What did you find?
- Discussion:What do the results mean in context?
- Tip:在每個(gè)部分下添加小標(biāo)題(如 “2.1 研究人群”),以提高清晰度和導(dǎo)航性。
- 使用清晰、簡(jiǎn)潔、正式的科學(xué)語(yǔ)言。
- 向同事尋求反饋或使用專業(yè)編輯服務(wù),尤其是在英語(yǔ)不是母語(yǔ)的情況下。
- 也可使用人工智能輔助語(yǔ)法工具,如 Grammarly 或 Writefull。
- 或者也可以找我們解決
- 閱讀目標(biāo)期刊上發(fā)表的文章,了解其語(yǔ)氣和風(fēng)格。
方法薄弱或?qū)嶒?yàn)設(shè)計(jì)不完整
退稿原因:實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)置有缺陷、缺乏控制,或者統(tǒng)計(jì)分析不足以支持結(jié)論。
?? 常見審稿人回復(fù)郵件
“We found the overall study concept interesting; however, the methodology lacks critical details, and there are concerns regarding the statistical analysis. Without clear controls and adequate sample size justification, the conclusions cannot be supported.”
應(yīng)對(duì)策略:
- 說明方法選擇的合理性,并加入適當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)照。
- 回復(fù)示例:
- We thank the reviewer for this valuable feedback. We have now added a rationale for selecting the logistic regression model, which was based on the binary nature of the outcome variable and its robustness in similar prior studies (see Methods, paragraph 3).
- Tip:最好提供參考文獻(xiàn)以支持你所選擇的技術(shù)或工具。
- 確保樣本量充足,統(tǒng)計(jì)分析嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)且解釋清楚。
- 方法部分的例句:
- We conducted a priori power analysis using GPower 3.1, which indicated a required sample size of 85 participants per group to detect a medium effect size (d = 0.5) with 80% power at α = 0.05.*
- 另外: 一定要報(bào)告置信區(qū)間、P 值和效應(yīng)大小。
- 包括適當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)照和復(fù)制。
- 例如:不要只比較患者接受治療前和治療后的情況,而應(yīng)包括一個(gè)未接受治療的對(duì)照組,以排除安慰劑效應(yīng)或疾病的自然進(jìn)展。
- 考慮敏感性或亞組分析:為證明穩(wěn)健性,可考慮在不同條件下進(jìn)行分析,或報(bào)告不同亞組的結(jié)果。
- 例如:我們進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)敏感性分析,排除了合并癥患者,以確保觀察到的效應(yīng)不是由異常值引起的。
對(duì)結(jié)果的討論或解釋不充分
退稿原因:作者僅僅重述了結(jié)果而沒有對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋,或者沒有將研究結(jié)果與現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)聯(lián)系起來。
?? 常見審稿人回復(fù)郵件
“The discussion lacks critical analysis and fails to position the study within the broader scientific context. The authors should interpret the significance of the findings and compare them with existing work.”
應(yīng)對(duì)策略:
- 避免照搬 “結(jié)果 ”部分的句子。取而代之的是解釋結(jié)果的含義,以及這些結(jié)果如何與之前的研究保持一致或形成對(duì)比。
- 弱示例:“We found that Treatment A improved recovery time by 20%. This result is shown in Table 2.”
- 改進(jìn)示例:“Treatment A significantly reduced recovery time compared to the control, consistent with the findings of Lee et al. (2021), who observed a similar trend in a younger cohort. This suggests that the intervention may be effective across age groups.”
- 與現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)比較,例如:
- Our findings support the meta-analysis by Zhang et al. (2020), which identified early intervention as a key factor in patient recovery. However, unlike previous studies, we observed a greater effect in male participants, which warrants further investigation.
- 誠(chéng)實(shí)地討論局限性,并提出未來的發(fā)展方向。
- 例如:One limitation of our study is the relatively small sample size, which may affect generalizability. However, the consistency of our findings with larger datasets suggests the observed effect is robust.
- 提出未來方向,例如:
- Future research should explore the long-term effects of Treatment A in diverse populations, particularly in settings with limited healthcare infrastructure.
需要注意的是,見刊后仍然可能存在撤稿的情況發(fā)生,例如:一篇《Front Oncol》上的文章由于“實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)中的錯(cuò)誤,導(dǎo)致結(jié)論不可靠”,從而撤稿。

不遵循期刊的投稿指南
退稿原因:不遵守期刊的投稿指南是導(dǎo)致論文在初審階段就被直接拒稿的一個(gè)主要原因。每個(gè)期刊都有明確的收錄范圍,限制在特定的研究領(lǐng)域之內(nèi)。

應(yīng)對(duì)策略:花費(fèi)一部分時(shí)間充分閱讀期刊的內(nèi)容范圍、研究領(lǐng)域和特定關(guān)鍵詞。同時(shí)還要注意一些期刊的特定風(fēng)格:如論文字?jǐn)?shù)和頁(yè)數(shù)限制;摘要格式;字?jǐn)?shù)限制;錄用類型和數(shù)量;排版規(guī)范;插圖、表格和圖形說明;引用格式等。
以頂刊《Lancet》為例,我們可以登錄其網(wǎng)站查看具體的投稿指南。對(duì)于這類頂刊,每天會(huì)接受海量的稿件投遞,因此務(wù)必符合相應(yīng)的投稿要求,不要因?yàn)橐恍┌迨揭蠖蚤]門羹,并且“直接拒稿”會(huì)降低期刊對(duì)稿件的表面價(jià)值及可信度。

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